Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 2026

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate cytomorphological changes in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with healthy non-diabetic individuals.

Materials and Methods: This comparative study included 20 outpatients from Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospitals, Tiruvallur district. Of these, 10 participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while 10 were healthy non-diabetic controls. Smears were collected by scraping the buccal mucosa and vestibule of each participant. The specimens were fixed in ethyl alcohol and stained with Papanicolaou stain. Quantitative parameters such as nuclear diameter, cytoplasmic diameter, and nuclear–cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio were measured and analysed.

Results: The cytological evaluation demonstrated significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Diabetic patients showed an increase in nuclear diameter, a decrease in cytoplasmic diameter, and a higher nuclear–cytoplasmic ratio compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion: The study highlights distinct cytomorphological alterations in buccal mucosal cells of type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting that exfoliative cytology can serve as a simple, non-invasive, and valuable tool in assessing cellular changes associated with diabetes.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the impact of social media and online reviews on patient choice of dentist among the general public in Tiruvallur.

Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study utilized a Google Form questionnaire, which was designed to evaluate the impact of social media and online reviews on patient choice of dentist. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions. Additionally, it had information like age and gender of the respondents. The questionnaire was distributed via Gmail and social media platforms, including WhatsApp and Instagram. The target audience included patients aged 10 and above. A total of 318 responses were collected over a period of 4 weeks. The responses collected from the Google Form questionnaire were exported to a Google Sheets document for further analysis.

Results: An analysis of the collected data from 318 participants suggests that social media platforms are popular among respondents with 81% using it on a daily basis. Nearly 49% have searched for a dentist online and 59% of them reported having a positive experience with a dentist they found. 51% of participants tend to base their decisions on less than 5 online reviews. While 34% of respondents believe that dentists should respond to online reviews sometimes, 63% have not left an online review for a dentist. The data revealed that 49% of the participants rated the online presence of a dentist as moderately important suggesting that an online presence is not the most critical factor in choosing a dentist. 58% of respondents have not avoided a dentist based on their online reviews.

Conclusions: In conclusion, social media and online reviews are significant factors that influence patients’ decisions in choosing a dentist. While reputation, qualifications, and credentials remain crucial, a positive online presence through social media can provide dental practices with a competitive edge, especially among younger generations. However, patients should not rely solely on online reviews, and dental practitioners must find a balance between traditional and modern marketing strategies to appeal to a wide range of patients. This study highlights the importance of social media and online reviews as a game changer in dentistry, and dental practices that embrace this trend are likely to thrive in the digital age.

Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extracts (aqueous and ethanol) at 15% at 25% against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

METHODOLOGY: Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were used in the study. The strains were passaged in the nutrient agar environment and incubated for 24 h to have live and fresh strains for the test. Ethanolic and water extracts of guava leaves were prepared using a Soxhlet extractor. Two concentrations of 15% and 25% weight/volume of both extracts were prepared. Antimicrobial testing of extracts was done using the Agar well-diffusion method. Two plates each were prepared for both extracts. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) served as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control.

RESULT: Mean zone of inhibition produced by 15% and 25% ethanolic extract was 14 mm and 17.3 mm respectively against S. aureus and 14 mm and 17.6 mm respectively against C. albicans. Similarly, 15% and 25% water extract mean zone of inhibition was 12.6 mm and 14.6 mm respectively against S. aureus and 12.6 mm and 15.6 mm respectively against C.albicans. Statistical analysis of results using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test revealed that antifungal activity of 15% ethanolic extract and 15% water extract was significantly less than that of 0.2% chlorhexidine. But 15% ethanolic extract has similar antibacterial activity as that of 0.2% chlorhexidine. There was no statistical difference in efficacy of 25% ethanolic, 25% water extract of guava and 0.2% chlorhexidine in both organisms.

CONCLUSION: The ethanolic and water extract of guava leaves possess antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. aureus and C. albicans with 25% ethanolic and water extract being as efficacious as 0.2% chlorhexidine in both organisms. 15% ethanolic extract is as efficacious as 0.2% chlorhexidine only against S. aureus.

Abstract

Internal post-eruptive discoloration of teeth commonly results from pulp haemorrhage, necrosis, infection, or trauma, and often presents an esthetic concern, particularly in young patients. Conservative treatment approaches that preserve tooth structure are preferred over invasive restorative procedures. The walking bleach technique is widely used intracoronal bleaching method for endodontically treated teeth. The case report describes the management of discoloration in a 14-year old female patient who presented with greyish-black discolored maxillary left central incisor following a history of trauma five years earlier. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a non-vital tooth with a periapical lesion. Endodontic treatment was performed followed by surgical intervention and intracoronal bleaching was initiated after confirmation of periapical healing. Sodium perborate mixed with distilled water was used as the bleaching agent. Significant improvement in tooth shade was achieved within 9 days, resulting in satisfactory esthetic outcomes. The walking bleach technique proved to be a simple, effective, and minimally invasive method for managing discoloration in endodontically treated teeth.

Abstract

Post endodontic restoration is the final and foremost step in determining the prognosis of the tooth with severely loss of hard tissue. Over the development in the material aspect and technology aspect the most ultra conservative approach is to save an endodontically treated teeth with extreme tissue loss is endocrowns. Due to its monoblock effect like advantages, it stands tall than the traditional post and core followed by crown. In this case report we are going to see about the two cases of endocrowns which are prepared and delivered to the patients.

Abstract

Pigmentation of oral mucosa is very common which can present in different clinical patterns and colour depending on the underlying cause of pigmentation. It may be physiological or clinical manifestation of any underlying systemic disorder or due to medications or adverse habits. Here, we present a case report on lenticular pigmentation with emphasis on differential diagnosis.

Abstract

To replace missing teeth, dental implants have become the norm. While single teeth replacement has increased in popularity in recent years, especially in the aesthetic area, dental implants were originally primarily utilised to attach complicated multi-unit prostheses. This has resulted in a necessity to preserve buccal hard and soft tissues, coupled with an ever-increasing desire to generate cosmetically acceptable results. Resorption of buccal bundle bone following tooth extraction and implant insertion can be a serious issue with sometimes extremely poor cosmetic outcomes. Grafting procedures are commonly carried out to reduce the loss of bundle bone. After tooth extraction, there is a reduction in the buccal bone, resulting in both vertical and horizontal bone loss. In such cases, advanced techniques for repairing both hard and soft tissues are essential to achieve aesthetically pleasing outcomes. One such technique is the socket-shield technique (SST), where the tooth's root is split in half, with the front two-thirds left within the socket to safeguard the periodontium, bundle bone, and buccal bone.